-
1 Political parties
Portugal's political party system began only in the 19th century, and the first published, distinct political party program appeared about 1843. Under the constitutional monarchy (1834-1910), a number of political groupings or factions took the name of a political figure or soldier or, more commonly until the second half of the century, the name of the particular constitution they supported. For example, some were called "Septembrists," after the group that supported the 1836 (September) Revolution and the 1822 Constitution. Others described themselves as "Chartists" after King Pedro IV's 1826 Charter ( Carta). From the Regeneration to the fall of the monarchy in 1910, the leading political parties were the Regenerators and the Progressists (or Historicals). During the first parliamentary republic (1910-26), the leading political parties were the Portuguese Republican Party or "The Democrats," the Evolutionists, the Unionists, various monarchist factions, the Liberals, and the Nationalists. Small leftist parties were also established or reestablished after the collapse of President Sidónio Pais's New Republic (1917-18), the Socialist Party (PS) and the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP).Under the Estado Novo dictatorship (1926-74), all political parties and civic associations (such as the Masons) were banned in 1935, and the only legitimate political movement allowed was the regime's creature, the União Nacional (1930-74). Various oppositionist parties and factions began to participate in the rigged elections of the Estado Novo, beginning with the municipal elections of 1942 and continuing with general elections for president of the republic or the National Assembly (legislature) in 1945, 1949, 1951, 1958, 1961, 1969, 1972, etc. Among these parties were elements of the Communist Party, remnants of the old Portuguese Republican Party elite and of the old Socialist Party (originally founded in 1875), various workers' groups, and special electoral committees allowed by the regime to campaign during brief preelectoral exercises.The Revolution of 25 April 1974 swept away the regime's institutions and ushered in a flood of new political groups. During 1974 and 1975, about 60 new political parties and factions sprung up, but the PCP remained the senior, experienced political party. During the period of fallout and adjustment to the new pluralist, multiparty system of democracy (1974-85), four main political parties became the principal ones and garnered the largest percentage of votes in the many general and municipal elections held between the first free election of 25 April 1975, and the general election of 1985. These parties were the PCP, the PS, the Social Democrat Party (PSD), and the Social Democratic Center Party (CDS) or "Christian Democrats." Until 1985-87, the socialists were ahead in votes, but the social democrats were victorious, with clear majorities in 1987 and 1991. In the general elections of 1995 and 1999, the PS returned to power in the legislature, and in the presidential elections of 1996 and 2001, the victor was the socialist leader Jorge Sampaio. The PSD replaced the socialists in power in the 2002 general election.See also Left Bloc. -
2 political parties
-
3 political parties
Общая лексика: политические партии -
4 political parties
-
5 Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
док.пол., юр., брит. закон "О политических партиях, выборах и референдумах", 2000 г.* (наряду с законом "Об избирательных округах при выборах в парламент" 1986 г. определяет правила, которыми надлежит руководствоваться комиссиям по определению границ избирательных округов Избирательной комиссии)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
-
6 opposition political parties
English-Russian big medical dictionary > opposition political parties
-
7 law on political parties
Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > law on political parties
-
8 On Political Parties
Общая лексика: О политических партиях (S.J. Reynolds) -
9 fusion of political parties
1) Общая лексика: объединение политических партий, слияние политических партий2) Макаров: коалиция политических партийУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > fusion of political parties
-
10 legalization of political parties
Политика: легализация политических партийУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > legalization of political parties
-
11 rivalries between political parties
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > rivalries between political parties
-
12 suspension of political parties
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > suspension of political parties
-
13 the rivalries between political parties
1) Общая лексика: борьба между соперничающими политическими партиямиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > the rivalries between political parties
-
14 legalization of political parties
Politics english-russian dictionary > legalization of political parties
-
15 suspension of political parties
Politics english-russian dictionary > suspension of political parties
-
16 dissolve political parties
English-Ukrainian law dictionary > dissolve political parties
-
17 formation of political parties
English-Ukrainian law dictionary > formation of political parties
-
18 merger of political parties
English-Ukrainian law dictionary > merger of political parties
-
19 register of political parties
• puoluerekisteri -
20 fusion of political parties
коалиция политических партий.Англо-русский словарь по социологии > fusion of political parties
См. также в других словарях:
POLITICAL PARTIES — ▪ 1997 Political PartiesThe following Table (Political Parties) is a guide to the principal political parties and coalitions of the world. All countries that were independent on Dec. 31, 1996, are included, except the Vatican City State.… … Universalium
Political parties — Israel s political parties, many with roots in late 19th and early 20th century Europe, fall into several distinct categories, many with cross cutting ideological and denominational lines. These categories of parties include secular… … Historical Dictionary of Israel
Political parties — Owing to the country’s seven decades as a one party totalitarian state, the status of political parties in Russia is complex and protean. In 1990, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) abandoned its monopoly on political… … Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation
political parties — Formal organizations for representing the aims and interests of different socio economic forces in the political sphere although not all societies have a party political system of government. Political parties are the organizational means by… … Dictionary of sociology
political parties — Spanish political parties are characterized by several factors, most of which can be explained by the legacy of the Franco regime and the nature of the subsequent élite led transition to democracy. These factors are: low levels of membership… … Encyclopedia of contemporary Spanish culture
Political Parties — A centralized parliament of sorts existed in the Habsburg Empire after 1861. Delegates, however, came from the provincial estates, which chose them. These people were not representatives of organized political parties but rather of four… … Historical dictionary of Austria
Political parties — The constitution of the new Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1814–1815 limited suffrage to a very small group of rich and propertied people. The political elite remained an oligarchy, even after the proclamation of a new constitution in 1848… … Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands
Political Parties 2 — ▪ Table Political Parties Parlia Voting mentary Country Affili strength represen Name of party ation (%) tation Afghanistan Multifactional warfare from January 1993 Albania (May–June 1996) Democratic Party… … Universalium
Political parties in Iran — gives information on the political parties in Iran. Iran has regular presidential and parliamentary elections. Only those candidates and parties that are approved by the clerical Guardian Council can be elected. The system as a whole is presented … Wikipedia
Political parties in Syria — lists political parties in Syria. While not formally a single party state, all political life in Syria is controlled by the Baath Party through a political front , much like in the former German Democratic Republic. Article 8 of the constitution… … Wikipedia
Political parties in Jordan — lists political parties in Jordan. Jordan has political parties, but besides the oppositional Islamic Action Front they don t play a real role. There is no clear picture on the political parties in Jordan, but sources mention the following… … Wikipedia